J Appl Polym Sci 116:1146-1156,2010″
“Introduction: Young ch

J Appl Polym Sci 116:1146-1156,2010″
“Introduction: Young children and infants with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of hyperphosphatemia because of high intake of dairy products. Hyperphosphatemia leads to metastatic calcifications and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Sevelamer is an effective phosphate binder, but for children it has important practical disadvantages: it clogs enteral feeding tubes and can cause gastrointestinal complaints. Pre-treatment of dairy products to reduce their phosphate content might solve those problems.

Methods: Sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate were suspended in various dairy products

(cow’s milk, breast milk, baby formula, and tube-feeding formula). Each product was tested with varying concentrations of sevelamer. After suspension, each sample was stored LY2157299 purchase for 10 minutes, allowing the sevelamer to precipitate. The supernatant was decanted and analyzed for pH and for phosphate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and chloride content.

Results: We observed a significant decrease in the phosphate content of all tested products. With sevelamer hydrochloride, the phosphate reduction was 48% – 91% in the various products, and with sevelamer carbonate, it was 22% – 87%. The highest

effectiveness was found in breast milk. A pH increase was found in all products. With sevelamer hydrochloride, a significant increase in chloride occurred. Notably, a significant decrease in calcium content

(-75%) was observed Selonsertib in treated breast milk.

Conclusions: Pretreatment of a variety of dairy products with either sevelamer hydrochloride or sevelamer carbonate effectively reduced their phosphate content and might avoid troublesome ingestion of sevelamer PD0325901 in children. The change in pH with sevelamer hydrochloride was remarkable, reflecting buffering mechanisms. The reduction in the calcium content of breast milk is a potential concern and should be carefully considered and monitored during clinical use of sevelamer.”
“Purpose: To prospectively compare contrast material-enhanced harmonic compound ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in detecting nodular infiltration in the spleen of patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma.

Materials and Methods: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 100 consecutive patients with Hodgkin lymphoma during pretreatment staging were prospectively investigated for possible spleen involvement by comparing harmonic compound US (integrated with intravenous infusion of microbubbles in 33 patients) with CT and FDG PET. Findings indicative of malignant nodules with the imaging procedures were regarded as lymphoma infiltration; in case of discrepancy, response to treatment was regarded as evidence of lymphoma.

001 to 013) The cortisol level was abnormal in 2 patients (13%)

001 to .013). The cortisol level was abnormal in 2 patients (13%) at 30 minutes during G1 but in none during G2. There was no correlation Selleck MK 2206 of integrated cortisol with free thyroxine or thyrotropin receptor antibody. There was no significant difference in median

adrenocorticotropic hormone level (17 versus 20.4 ng/mL at G1 and G2, respectively; P=.14).

Conclusion: Significant attenuation of stimulated cortisol occurs in the early thyrotoxic phase in comparison with the euthyroid phase in patients with GD without adrenal autoimmunity. Clinicians treating patients with GD should have a low threshold for investigating symptoms suggestive of hypoadrenalism at times of “”stress.”" (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:924-930)”
“Objective: This study aims to evaluate “”in vivo”" the integrity of the normal-appearing spinal cord (NASC) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to controls, using diffusion tensor MR imaging. Methods: We studied 32 patients with MS and 17 without any neurologic disorder. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD) SBE-β-CD order were calculated within regions of interest at C2 and C7 levels in the four columns of the spinal

cord. Results: At C2, FA value was decreased in MS patients. Besides, RD value was higher in MS than in controls. At C7, MD values were increased in MS. Conclusion: The NASC in the right column of the cervical spinal cord showed abnormal FA, RD

and MD values, which is possibly related to demyelination, since the FA abnormality was related to the RD and not to the AD.”
“Regulatory elements play an important role in the variability of individual responses to drug treatment. This has been established through studies on three classes of elements that regulate RNA and protein abundance: promoters, enhancers and microRNAs. Each of these elements, and genetic variants within them, are being characterized at an exponential pace by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. In this review, we outline examples of how each class of element affects drug response via regulation of Crenolanib manufacturer drug targets, transporters and enzymes. We also discuss the impact of NGS technologies such as chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and the ramifications of new techniques such as high-throughput chromosome capture (Hi-C), chromatin interaction analysis by paired-end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) and massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA). NGS approaches are generating data faster than they can be analyzed, and new methods will be required to prioritize laboratory results before they are ready for the clinic. However, there is no doubt that these approaches will bring about a systems-level understanding of the interplay between genetic variants and drug response.

We obtained baseline data on omega-3 LCPUFA intake with a validat

We obtained baseline data on omega-3 LCPUFA intake with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Trained fundus graders ascertained AMD status from annual stereoscopic color photographs by using standardized methods at a single reading center across a 12-y period. We applied multivariable repeated-measures logistic regression with the incorporation of generalized estimating equation methods, because this permitted determination of progression

to outcome at each visit.

Results: Participants who reported the highest omega-3 LCPUFA intake (median: 0.11% of total energy intake) were 30% less likely than their peers Kinase Inhibitor Library to develop CGA and NV AMD. The respective odds ratios were 0.65 (95% CI: 0.45, 0.92; P <= 0.02) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94; P <= 0.02).

Conclusions: The 12-y incidence of CGA and NV AMD in participants at moderate-to-high risk of these outcomes was lowest for those reporting the highest consumption of omega-3 LCPUFAs. If these results are generalizable, they may guide the development of low-cost and easily implemented preventive interventions for progression to advanced AMD. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00594672. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1601-7.”
“Background: Staphylococcus

intermedius is a very rare human pathogen. There are only 16 cases in the literature that have described LGX818 S. intermedius as a cause of infection in humans. Most of these cases have been described in association with exposure to animals, mostly dogs. However, this pathogen can cause infection in healthy selleck chemical individuals even without exposure to animals.

Methods: All previous cases of S. intermedius infection included in our literature review were found using a PubMed search (1960-November 2009) of the English-language medical literature applying the terms ‘Staphylococcus intermedius’, ‘abscess’, ‘infection’, ‘humans’. The references cited

in these articles were examined to identify additional reports.

Results: We describe the first case of skin abscesses caused by S. intermedius in an immunocompetent patient who used intravenous cocaine after coating his syringes with his saliva. We also summarize the literature regarding infections caused by S. intermedius in humans.

Conclusions: This case illustrates for the first time that S. intermedius can cause skin abscesses in humans after direct inoculation of this pathogen into the skin and soft tissues. Clinicians should be aware of the fact that although the vast majority of infections from coagulase-positive Staphylococcus infections are secondary to Staphylococcus aureus, S. intermedius is also a potential pathogen in humans. (C) 2010 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Pseudoachondroplasia is an autosomal dominant osteochondrodysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature, joint laxity, and early onset osteoarthrosis.

These results are consistent with previous analysis across differ

These results are consistent with previous analysis across different racial groups; races with high cortisol activity had an increased rate of type 2 diabetes but were protected from type 1 diabetes.”
“The coast of Gabon is one of the most important nesting sites for the endangered leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea. In this study, hatchling orientation was recorded during natural emergences at Pongara National Park, Gabon.

This nesting beach is located close to both the capital of Gabon and a developing resort area, Pointe Denis. Under natural conditions most sea turtle hatchlings emerge at night and orient to the ocean by crawling away from dark, high silhouettes landward towards the bright, low seaward horizons. Artificial lights interfere with natural cues and disrupt hatchling orientation. The relative this website influence of artificial lights, logs

and erosion were assessed Adavosertib on the nesting beach in Pongara National Park using a linear mixed model. We found that the attraction to artificial lights was higher than the effect of silhouette cues landward alone, but could be balanced by the simultaneous presence of the moon. Based upon these results, we recommend combining light management in the resort area to reduce the light pollution on the nesting beach and reinforcement of natural cues landward to minimize the effect of the remaining light pollution from the capital. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved”
“The rheological properties of agarose solutions were examined under the effect of entanglement coupling between agarose chains. Agarose solutions were prepared by using an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as a solvent. The concentration of

agarose was varied from 1.1 x 1012.1 x 102 kg m-3. The master curves of the angular frequency (omega) dependence of the storage modulus (G’) and the loss modulus (G”) showed a rubbery region in the middle omega region and a flow region at low ? region, respectively. The molecular weight between entanglements (Me) for agarose was calculated from the plateau modulus. Moreover, Me for agarose melt was determined to be 2.3 x 103 CA4P mouse from the concentration dependence curve of Me. By using well-known empirical relations in polymer rheology, information on molecular characteristics of sample agarose was derived. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) enhances allograft immunogenicity, worsens transplantation outcome, and is the primary cause of activation of the recipient innate immune response, resulting in subsequent amplification of the alloimmune adaptive response. Here, we aimed at demonstrating that the link between innate injury and alloimmunity occurs predominantly through activation of allograft-derived dendritic cells (ADDC).

In summary, a 4-step process of the production of a G8-rich mixtu

In summary, a 4-step process of the production of a G8-rich mixture was developed involving

the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch PD98059 cost by NPDE.”
“Aims: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a known possibility after radical cystectomy (RC) and orthotopic neobladder (ONB) urinary diversion. We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes and complications of patients who underwent artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) placement for treatment of SUI and evaluated potential risk factors (PRFs) for AUS failure. Methods: Patients who underwent AUS placement after RC/ONB from 1994 to 2009 were identified. Variables evaluated included: demographics, cancer type, AUS characteristics, urinary incontinence (UI), revision procedures data, and PRFs for AUS failure. Results: Demographic data was reviewed on 36 patients. Mean age at AUS placement was 72 (58-79) years. Mean time to AUS after RC/ONB was 28 (2-120) selleck months. Mean follow up after AUS was 40 (2-132) months.

TCC was the indication for RC in 94% of patients. The most commonly placed AUS cuff and reservoir size was 4.5 cm and 61-70 H2O, respectively. Incontinence data was available in 29 patients. Pre-AUS placement 22, 3, and 4 patients were totally, daytime and nighttime only incontinent, respectively. Post-AUS placement, incontinence persisted in 5, 1, and 2 patients with total, daytime and nighttime incontinence, respectively. Prior to AUS placement 11/36 patients received chemotherapy and 10/36 had radiation. Mean time to the first revision/explantation due to UI/erosion/infection/malfunction

was an average of 28 (3-96) months after AUS placement and occurred in 21/35 (60%) patients. There was no significant correlation noted between PRFs and UI pre-/post-AUS or between PRFs and the need for AUS revision. Conclusions: AUS is a safe, effective treatment with an acceptable complication rate CDK inhibitors in clinical trials for patients after RC/ONB with SUI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 1010-1013, 2013. (C) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“To reduce the content of undesirable erucic acid in mustard oil (MO), it was enzymatically modified with capric acid using immobilized lipase TL IM to produce structured lipid (SL). After reaction, the content of erucic acid was reduced up to 21.7% under the performed reactions in this study. Meanwhile, unsaturated fatty acids existing at sn-2 position (oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid) in MO were not much changed.”
“Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is involved in fibrinolysis and coagulation, the immune system and angiogenesis. These processes are all crucial in establishing and maintaining pregnancy. The primary aim of this pilot study was to determine if HRG affects pregnancy outcome. The secondary aim was to investigate if a specific genetic polymorphism (rs9898 C/T) in the HRG gene is associated with pregnancy results. The polymorphism leads to expression of either a serine or proline residue at position 186 in the protein sequence.

Half-shadowgraph half-self-emission visualization elucidated

Half-shadowgraph half-self-emission visualization elucidated HKI-272 mw laser detonation waves and blast waves. Laser output and transmission through the waves were measured using pairs of a photodetectors and energy meters. Results show

volumetric absorption in this near-infrared region, which is mainly attributable to low inverse-Bremsstrahlung absorption coefficients at short wavelengths. Some input laser energy was converted into blast wave energy: 59% at E(i) = 1.0 J/pulse, which approximates that of CO(2) laser-induced blast waves. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3525561]“
“Herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis is a rare and potential life-threatening disease. The diagnosis of HSV hepatitis is hampered by its indifferent clinical presentation, which necessitates confirmatory laboratory data to identify HSV in the affected liver. However, liver biopsies are often contraindicated in the context of coagulopathy, are prone to sampling errors and have low sensitivity in mild HSV hepatitis cases. There is an unmet need for less invasive diagnostic tools. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of HSV DNA load and liver enzyme level kinetics was determined in five patients with HSV hepatitis and twenty disease controls with HSV-DNAemia without hepatitis. At time of

hospitalization, patients with HSV hepatitis had a higher median (+/- interquartile range) HSV DNA load (6.0 x 106 +/- 1.2 x 109) compared to disease controls (171 +/- 2845). Selleck Rabusertib Viral DNA load correlated click here with liver transaminase

levels and disease severity. Antiviral treatment led to rapid decline of HSV DNA load and improvement of liver function of patients with HSV hepatitis. The data advocate the prompt and consecutive quantification of the HSV DNA load and liver enzyme levels in plasma of patients suspected of HSV hepatitis as well as those under antiviral treatment.”
“Most forms of hearing loss are associated with loss of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs). OHCs require the tectorial membrane (TM) for stereociliary bundle stimulation (forward transduction) and active feedback (reverse transduction). Alpha tectorin is a protein constituent of the TM and the C1509G mutation in alpha tectorin in humans results in autosomal dominant hearing loss. We engineered and validated this mutation in mice and found that the TM was shortened in heterozygous Tecta(C1509G/+) mice, reaching only the first row of OHCs. Thus, deficient forward transduction renders OHCs within the second and third rows non-functional, producing partial hearing loss. Surprisingly, both Tecta(C1509G/+) and Tecta(C1509G/C1509G) mice were found to have increased reverse transduction as assessed by sound- and electrically-evoked otoacoustic emissions. We show that an increase in prestin, a protein necessary for electromotility, in all three rows of OHCs underlies this phenomenon.

The value of perfect information remained high even when observat

The value of perfect information remained high even when observational adverse event data were used.

Conclusions: There is a very high value associated with obtaining further information on uncertain parameters for the economic evaluation of NSAIDs, COX-2 selective inhibitors and PPIs for people with OA. Obtaining further randomized or observational information on CV risks is likely to be particularly cost effective.”
“A growing body of evidence suggests that free radicals are generated

by UV irradiation being responsible Selleck Fludarabine for skin injury. In this regard, the topical use of formulations composed of plant extracts with antioxidant activity could represent a useful strategy for the prevention of photoaging and oxidative-stress-mediated diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of the extraction method and the functional

stability of a Castanea sativa leaf extract in view of its application as topical antioxidant. Measurements of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, total phenols (measured by the Folin Ciocalteu assay) and phenolic composition (high-performance liquid chromatography unit coupled to a UV detector) were carried out on three different batches. The influence of pH and temperature on the extract’s DPPH scavenging activity was assessed in aqueous and glyceric solutions (0.025% w/v) over a 3-month find more period. Minor differences were found between the three extract batches for all the evaluated parameters, and therefore the reproducibility of the extraction method can be

inferred. pH presented a great influence in the extract functional ERK inhibitor order stability. Major antioxidant activity decrease was found at pH 7.1, while lower changes were observed at pH 5. Glyceric solutions were stable throughout the test period. At 40 degrees C and pH 5, a marked decrease of activity was observed. Again, glyceric solutions were the most stable, even at 40 degrees C. Proper selection of pH and solvent is mandatory to ensure the stability of the studied extract after being incorporated in semisolid forms. In view of these results, glycerine is proposed as the best vehicle for topical formulations incorporating C. sativa leaf extract, which should have a pH around 5.”
“A MgCl2-supported catalyst containing diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) and 2,4-pentadiol dibenzoate (PDDB) as internal donors was prepared. Propylene polymerizations were carried out using the catalyst in the absence or presence of an external donor. The resulting polymers were characterized by C-13-NMR, crystallization analysis fraction (CRYSTAF) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The performance of the catalyst was compared with that of other catalysts containing donor-free, DIBP and PDDB as internal donors respectively.

Transplanted PPCs can then further mature in vivo into functional

Transplanted PPCs can then further mature in vivo into functional islet-like tissues containing all of the endocrine hormone cells present in adult islets and can reverse hyperglycemia in a diabetic animal model. Recent publications demonstrate that skin, liver, and other cell lineages may also be reprogrammed to functional beta-like cells.

Summary

Although generation of fully functional beta cells in vitro has not yet been achieved, possible intermediate approaches to treat diabetes include using PPCs or 10058-F4 concentration reprogramming adult cells to b-like

cells. A cell therapy with either approach will require isolation from the host immune response. Ongoing efforts are addressing this need through the use of immune-isolation devices to avoid immunosuppressive drugs.”
“Background: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are considered

for their thrombo-genicity this website and the risk of premature atherosclerosis and the stroke caused by them. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between chronic use of low-dose COCs (ethinyl estradiol 30 mcg + levonorgestrel 150 mcg) and endothelial dysfunction and intima-media thickness. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, in 2011-2012, 60 healthy premenopausal women (30 cases of COC consumers and 30 controls as nonconsumers), aged between 25 and 45 years, participated in this study. They were current users for at least a 3-year period. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) were measured for the patients. Results: The mean duration of COC consumption was 54.03 +/- 27.27 months https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html in the case group.

There was a significant FMD% difference between 2 groups of cases and controls: 11 +/- 3.53 versus 15.80 +/- 9.22 (P = .01). In addition, a significant mean CCA-IMT thickness difference was detected: .53 +/- .07 versus .44 +/- .08 (P = .00). However, after multiple regression analysis and adjusting for body mass index (BMI), in COC users, no significant association between COC consumption duration and FMD% and mean CCA-IMT was observed. Conclusions: Prolonged used of low-dose COCs may cause changes in both endothelial function (measured by FMD%) and endothelial structure (measured by CCA-IMT). There was a nonsignificant inverse relationship between the duration of COC ingestion and FMD% and a nonsignificant positive relationship with CCA-IMT. Our results are in favor of early atherosclerotic changes in prolonged users of COCs.”
“Extracts from three Calophyllum species endemic to Sri Lanka were tested for antifungal and antioxidant activities. Of them, only the root methanol extract of Calophyllum thwaitesii showed activity, and the active extract on activity guided fractionation yielded four antifungal active and three inactive xanthones.

J Heart Lung

Transplant 2010;29:195-200 (C) 2010 Internat

J Heart Lung

Transplant 2010;29:195-200 (C) 2010 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“This study was conducted to screen out horses infected with piroplasms using PCR and to assess the phylogenetic variations of the piroplasm isolates. From 2007 to 2010, a total of 224 blood samples of horses were collected from three provinces of Korea and analyzed by PCR using primers specific to the 18S rRNA of piroplasms. Selonsertib datasheet Out of 224 samples analyzed, only two (0.9%) horses were found positive for Theileria equi. Sequencing of the complete 18S rRNA of T. equi from the two horses (GG-7 and GG-14) whose information was submitted to the GenBank (accession nos. HM229407 and HM229408, respectively) showed 100% identity. Alignment of the complete sequences of T. equi 18S rRNA with the GenBank databases of T. equi showed a high degree of homology AZD8931 concentration (98.6-99.8%).

The phylogenetic analysis showed T. equi GG-7 and GG-14 clustered together with T. equi isolates from Spain, Sudan, Jordan and-South Africa, indicating the possibility of a close epidemiological link among these isolates. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: To determine whether admission computed tomography (CT) perfusion-derived permeability-surface area product (PS) maps differ between patients with hemorrhagic acute stroke and those with nonhemorrhagic acute stroke.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study was institutional review board approved, and all participants gave written informed consent. Forty-one patients who presented with acute stroke within 3 hours after stroke symptom onset underwent two-phase CT perfusion imaging, which enabled PS measurement. Patients were Microtubule Associat inhibitor assigned to groups according to whether they had hemorrhage transformation (HT) at follow-up magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and CT and/or whether they received tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) treatment. Clinical, demographic, and CT perfusion variables were compared between the HT and non-HT patient groups. Associations between

PS and HT were tested at univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results: HT developed in 23 (56%) patients. Patients with HT had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (P = .005), poorer outcomes (P = .001), and a higher likelihood of having received TPA (P = .005) compared with patients without HT. Baseline blood flow (P = .17) and blood volume (P = .11) defects and extent of flow reduction (P = .27) were comparable between the two groups. The mean PS for the HT group, 0.49 mL . min(-1) . (100 g)(-1), was significantly higher than that for the non-HT group, 0.09 mL . min(-1) . (100 g)(-1) (P < .0001). PS (odds ratio, 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69, 7.06; P = .0007) and size of hypoattenuating area at nonenhanced admission CT (odds ratio, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7; P = .

Moreover, due to the cytostatic nature of antiangiogenic, cancer

Moreover, due to the cytostatic nature of antiangiogenic, cancer cells that are not killed by these drugs later develop an even more malignant phenotype, resulting in tumor invasion and metastasis. Although there have been many attempts to reduce drug resistance and increase Selleck Compound Library therapeutic efficacy

by combining antiangiogenic drugs with chemotherapy, the cumulative toxicity of antiangiogenic combinations limits their feasibility as treatments, as chronic angiogenesis inhibition typically reduces the antitumor effect of the co-administered chemotherapeutics. To overcome these problems, it is critical to explore new strategies that limit tumor resistance and side effects and also increase the exposure of chemotherapy drugs at the tumor site. Here, we review current understanding of antiangiogenic drugs and introduce a new combination Napabucasin supplier strategy that links direct antiangiogenic protein and enzyme prodrug system with dual-targeting antiangiogenic and antiproliferative therapeutic effect in tumor microenvironment.

This strategy has the potential to overcome these clinical hindrances and may serve as a paradigm for the next generation of antiangiogenic drugs.”
“Background: Management and preservation of the soft palate is dependent on clinical stage and tumor histology. However, available literature is scarce regarding the palate preservation with the use of laser CO2.

Objectives: We report the results obtained after management with laser surgery and soft palate preservation in three patients with salivary gland neoplasms.

Method: Three patients with minor salivary gland tumors were treated by means of transoral laser microsurgery. All tumors were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. All tumors were >3 cm. Soft palate function was preserved and reconstruction was Mizoribine mouse performed with primary closure. Patients began oral feeding the same day and were discharged after 24 h.

Conclusions: Transoral

laser microsurgery is recommended for treatment of soft palate tumors. This treatment can be considered a better option when compared with other modalities such as radio-or chemoradiotherapy which require a longer time of treatment, are more expensive and tend to produce significant toxicity.”
“Background: Timing of surgery remains a controversial subject with some concerns persisting that the benefit of early carotid endarterectomy (CEA) offsets the perioperative risks. We investigated the neurological outcome of patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis after surgery in relation to the timing of treatment.

Methods: From January 2005 to June 2010, 468 patients (n = 349 male, 74.6%, median age 71 years) underwent CEA for symptomatic stenosis. Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates were assessed in the 30 days’ follow-up.

Results: The median time interval between index event and CEA was 7 days; the overall stroke and death rate reached 3.4%.