The origin of index cases was highly consistent with population m

The origin of index cases was highly consistent with population migration routes and countries most frequently visited by French tourists as shown by a nationwide study.[6] This fact justifies screening and presumptive isolation with contact precautions of patients transferred from or previously hospitalized abroad.[10] Although returned travelers who have neither been ill nor hospitalized during travel can acquire resistant bacteria, at present, the risk does

not seem high enough to justify routinely screening all hospitalized patients with history of recent travel. If the number of CPE events

increased between 2004 and 2011, the number of outbreaks Talazoparib remained low, eg, only three outbreaks occurred in 2011, contrasting with 40 reported events during the same period. This fact emphasizes the efficacy of the specific control measures of the AP-HP “emergent MDR” program[7, 9] and specially screening and isolating patients transferred from foreign hospitals. The AP-HP program has been subsequently extended at the national level by health authorities.[10] Importantly, intensive care units are the first wards concerned by repatriation of CPE carriers patients in our study and physicians must be

alerted of this risk. In conclusion, proactive strategy PF-02341066 cell line to control spread of antibiotic resistance such as CPE should include systematic screening and isolation of patients transferred from or previously hospitalized abroad. The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest to declare. Antoine Andremont, Frédéric Barbut, Edouard Bingen, Christine Inositol oxygenase Bonnal, Emmanuelle Cambau, Anne Carbonne, Anne Casetta, Jacques Chemardin, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Catherine Doit, Florence Doucet-Populaire, Laurence Drieux-Rouzet, Florence Espinasse, Nicolas Fortineau, Jean-Louis Gaillard, Jean-Michel Guérin, Laurent Gutmann, Béate Heym, Guillaume Kac, Christine Lawrence, Patrick Legrand, Jean-Christophe Lucet, Simone Nerome, Marie-Hélène Nicolas-Chanoine, Patrice Nordmann, Jean-Claude Petit, Bertrand Picard, Claire Poyart, Laurent Raskine, Jérôme Robert, Martine Rouveau, Delphine Seytre, and Isabelle Simon. “
“Background. Increasing air travel has resulted in a significant increase in aeromedical evacuation (AE) over the past decade. However, there are limited epidemiological data available on the diagnosis, costs, and transport characteristics of AE cases. Methods.

, 2004) With such asymmetry in the spatial pattern of activity a

, 2004). With such asymmetry in the spatial pattern of activity across the SC, the center of mass of foveal SC activity may shift sufficiently away

from bilateral balance that it exceeds the threshold for triggering a microsaccade (Hafed et al., 2009). Because these microsaccades directed towards the attended location shift the representation of the entire visual field, including the fixation stimulus, they could precipitate subsequent imbalances in the opposite direction, find more promoting a sequence of microsaccades towards and away from the attended location. When the SC is inactivated, the asymmetry caused by attentional allocation is eliminated or even reversed (Lovejoy & Krauzlis, 2010), explaining the directional redistribution of microsaccades that we observed. Thus, unlike inactivation of the rostral (or foveal) SC, which reduces microsaccade rate, the results from our current study demonstrate another way in which SC activity contributes to microsaccade generation – by influencing the probability of triggering microsaccades, without necessarily affecting the motor generation Alpelisib ic50 of these movements. For early cue-induced influences on microsaccades (Figs 6-9), cue-induced visual bursts in the peripheral SC can Chlormezanone also transiently

modify activity patterns in the above-mentioned model, explaining why microsaccades are modulated during exogenously driven covert attention shifts (as in the initial microsaccade biases in Figs 8 and 9). Specifically, in addition to the nominal goal representation of the fixated target in the above model,

when a peripheral stimulus appears on the display, a strong visual burst is induced in the SC at the anatomical site in this structure representing the stimulus location. Moreover, the strength of this burst may be modulated by attention, among other factors (Boehnke & Munoz, 2008). Thus, one possible mechanism for how abruptly appearing attentional cues can give rise to an initial bias in microsaccade directions is, again, through biasing the population average activity in the entire SC map – this time by introducing a transient increase in activity at the SC site corresponding to the peripheral cue location (and other possible transient changes in activity in other locations in the SC retinotopic map). Thus, the model of Hafed et al. (2008, 2009), along with the transient changes in SC neurons that are expected to occur across the map as a result of cue and foil onset, can explain the patterns of results that we obtained both with and without inactivation.

Human Pathol 1997; 28: 801–808 10 Boulanger E, Agbalika F, Maare

Human Pathol 1997; 28: 801–808. 10 Boulanger E, Agbalika F, Maarek O et al. A clinical, molecular and cytogenetic study of 12 cases of human herpesvirus 8 associated primary effusion lymphoma in HIV-infected patients. Haematol J 2001; 2: 172–179. 11 Oksenhendler E, Clauvel JP, Jouveshomme S et al. Complete remission of a primary effusion lymphoma with antiretroviral therapy. Am J Hematol 1998; 57: 266. 12 Simonelli C, Spina M, ABT-737 cost Cinelli R et al. Clinical features and outcome of primary effusion lymphoma in HIV-infected patients: a single-institution

study. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21: 3948–3954. 13 Valencia ME, Martinez P, Moreno V et al. AIDS-related body cavity-based lymphomas, herpesvirus-8 and HIV infection: a study of seven cases. AIDS 1999; 13: 2603–2605. 14 Ascoli V, Signoretti S, Onetti-Muda A et al. Primary effusion lymphoma in HIV-infected patients

with multicentric Castleman’s disease. J Pathol 2001; 193: 200–209. 15 Toomey NL, Deyev VV, Wood C et al. Induction of a TRAIL-mediated Carfilzomib suicide program by interferon alpha in primary effusion lymphoma. Oncogene 2001; 20: 7029–7040. Plasmablastic lymphoma accounts for 2.6% of all HIV-related lymphomas [1]. In the original report, 15 of the 16 cases were HIV infected and had involvement of the oral cavity [2]. The disease can also occur in the non-HIV population, particularly in those with immunosuppression. There are three recognized subtypes of plasmablastic lymphoma. The first is the usually found in the oral mucosa and contains a monomorphic population of plasmablasts with minimal plasmacytic differentiation. The second type tends to have more plasmacytic differentiation Phospholipase D1 and is usually extraoral. The third type is plasmablastic lymphoma associated with Castleman’s disease and is typically nodal or splenic.

In the WHO classification [3], the tumour is a subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The majority of patients with PBL are men, particularly in the HIV population, with a mean age of presentation of 39 years. These tumours need to be distinguished from the immunoblastic variant of DLBCL and body and extracavity variants of primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL) with plasmacytoid differentiation, and extramedullary plasmablastic secondary multiple myeloma. Advances in immunophenotyping have facilitated these distinctions based on the low or absent expression of leukocyte common antigen (CD45) or the B cell markers CD20, CD79a, and PAX5. The plasma cell markers VS38c, CD38, multiple myeloma oncogene-1 (mum-1) and CD138 (syndecan-1) are almost always expressed [4]. The tumour cells are nearly always Epstein–Barr virus positive and this may be demonstrated in their three latent forms by the use of fluorescent or chromogenic in situ hybridization and may be useful in distinguishing it from plasmablastic multiple myeloma.

Parts of the Mn crusts and sediments were transferred to a DNA/RN

Parts of the Mn crusts and sediments were transferred to a DNA/RNA-free plastic tube and stored at −80 °C until DNA extraction. One liter of the seawater sample was filtered with a 0.2-μm-pore-size Rapamycin price polycarbonate membrane to trap the suspended particles (Advantec, Tokyo, Japan) on board and then the filter was stored in a DNA/RNA-free plastic tube at −80 °C until DNA extraction. Analysis of the 16S rRNA genes present in the collected

solid and liquid samples was performed as described previously (Kato et al., 2009c, 2010). In brief, genomic DNA was extracted from the samples using a Fast DNA kit for soil (Qbiogene, Carlsbad, CA). Partial 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR with the prokaryote-universal primer set, Uni515F and Uni1406R. The PCR products were cloned using a TOPO TA cloning kit (Invitrogen, CA). The nucleotide sequences of randomly selected clones were determined using M13 forward and reverse primers (Invitrogen) on an ABI PRISM 3130xl Genetic analyser (Applied Biosystems, CA). Nucleotide sequences were aligned

and distance matrices were generated from alignment data sets from each clone library using arb (Ludwig et al., 2004). Clones having 97% sequence similarity or higher were treated as the same phylotype using dotur (Schloss & Handelsman, 2005). Maximum-likelihood trees were constructed using phyml (Guindon & Gascuel, 2003) with non-gap homologous positions in the alignment dataset. Bootstrap values were estimated using 100 replicates. Rarefaction analysis, the Poziotinib manufacturer Shannon diversity index and Chao1 richness estimators were estimated using dotur based on the distance matrices generated from the alignment data sets of the clones from each clone library. Chao1 species richness estimates of shared phylotypes were calculated using sons (Schloss & Handelsman, 2006). The phylogenetic (P)-test

and the UniFrac significance test were performed using UniFrac (Lozupone et al., 2006). Bacterial and archaeal rRNA gene copy numbers in DNA extracts from each sample were determined by Q-PCR as described previously (Kato et al., 2009b). For bacterial rRNA genes, the bacterial-specific PCR primers, Bac1369F (5′-CGGTGAATACGTTCYCGG-3′) and Prok1492R (5′-GGWTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′), and the TaqMan probe, TM1389F (5′-CTTGTACACACCGCCCGTC-3′), were used. For archaeal rRNA genes, the archaeal ADAM7 PCR primers, Arc349F (5′-CCTACGGGRBGCASCAG-3′) and Arc806R (5′-GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT-3′), and a TaqMan probe, Arc516F (5′-TGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAAHACVNRS-3′), were used. The purified PCR products from the 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli and environmental archaeal clones belonging to Marine group I (MGI) were used as the standard DNA for bacterial and archaeal analyses, respectively. All assays were performed in triplicate. Regression coefficient (r2) values of the standard curve were 0.994 and 0.999 for bacterial and archaeal analyses, respectively.

Parts of the Mn crusts and sediments were transferred to a DNA/RN

Parts of the Mn crusts and sediments were transferred to a DNA/RNA-free plastic tube and stored at −80 °C until DNA extraction. One liter of the seawater sample was filtered with a 0.2-μm-pore-size AZD6244 polycarbonate membrane to trap the suspended particles (Advantec, Tokyo, Japan) on board and then the filter was stored in a DNA/RNA-free plastic tube at −80 °C until DNA extraction. Analysis of the 16S rRNA genes present in the collected

solid and liquid samples was performed as described previously (Kato et al., 2009c, 2010). In brief, genomic DNA was extracted from the samples using a Fast DNA kit for soil (Qbiogene, Carlsbad, CA). Partial 16S rRNA genes were amplified by PCR with the prokaryote-universal primer set, Uni515F and Uni1406R. The PCR products were cloned using a TOPO TA cloning kit (Invitrogen, CA). The nucleotide sequences of randomly selected clones were determined using M13 forward and reverse primers (Invitrogen) on an ABI PRISM 3130xl Genetic analyser (Applied Biosystems, CA). Nucleotide sequences were aligned

and distance matrices were generated from alignment data sets from each clone library using arb (Ludwig et al., 2004). Clones having 97% sequence similarity or higher were treated as the same phylotype using dotur (Schloss & Handelsman, 2005). Maximum-likelihood trees were constructed using phyml (Guindon & Gascuel, 2003) with non-gap homologous positions in the alignment dataset. Bootstrap values were estimated using 100 replicates. Rarefaction analysis, the selleck products Shannon diversity index and Chao1 richness estimators were estimated using dotur based on the distance matrices generated from the alignment data sets of the clones from each clone library. Chao1 species richness estimates of shared phylotypes were calculated using sons (Schloss & Handelsman, 2006). The phylogenetic (P)-test

and the UniFrac significance test were performed using UniFrac (Lozupone et al., 2006). Bacterial and archaeal rRNA gene copy numbers in DNA extracts from each sample were determined by Q-PCR as described previously (Kato et al., 2009b). For bacterial rRNA genes, the bacterial-specific PCR primers, Bac1369F (5′-CGGTGAATACGTTCYCGG-3′) and Prok1492R (5′-GGWTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3′), and the TaqMan probe, TM1389F (5′-CTTGTACACACCGCCCGTC-3′), were used. For archaeal rRNA genes, the archaeal Staurosporine datasheet PCR primers, Arc349F (5′-CCTACGGGRBGCASCAG-3′) and Arc806R (5′-GGACTACNNGGGTATCTAAT-3′), and a TaqMan probe, Arc516F (5′-TGYCAGCMGCCGCGGTAAHACVNRS-3′), were used. The purified PCR products from the 16S rRNA gene of Escherichia coli and environmental archaeal clones belonging to Marine group I (MGI) were used as the standard DNA for bacterial and archaeal analyses, respectively. All assays were performed in triplicate. Regression coefficient (r2) values of the standard curve were 0.994 and 0.999 for bacterial and archaeal analyses, respectively.

The ratio of male to female participants differed between the two

The ratio of male to female participants differed between the two groups. To ensure that the reported group effects were not

driven by gender differences, we also performed the above analyses without the female participants. For all but one test, the pattern of significant results was the same. In the case of the peripheral VEP P1, the amplitude difference between ASD and TD groups approached significance (t30 = 1.87, P = 0.072). As this trended in the predicted direction, High Content Screening and the other tests replicated the main analyses, we interpret the data based on the main analyses. The current study examined visual processing of central and peripheral inputs in ASD children and adolescents. We hypothesized that their peripheral processing might be altered, as they often exhibit peculiarities in eye-fixation and eye-movement behavior, which probably influence the development of peripheral cortical visual representations. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2835219.html Under this hypothesis, processing of centrally fixated inputs should be largely unaffected, and indeed we found indistinguishable responses between TD and ASD groups for central stimulation for all stimulus types employed. This is not fully consistent with prior reports, as processing differences for central inputs have been reported (Boeschoten et al., 2007; Neumann et al., 2011). Notably, eye position is usually

not tightly controlled, as it was here. Thus, differences in cortical representation for different areas of space, or more variability in eye position in one group over the other, could partially account for these differences. In contrast to responses to centrally presented stimuli, we did uncover marked differences in visual responses to stimuli presented to peripheral

portions of the retina, a finding replicated buy C59 across all three stimulus conditions. These peripheral differences reached significance in the timeframe of the P1, indicative of changes in early extrastriate visual areas during relatively early sensory–perceptual processing timeframes (Di Russo et al., 2002; Foxe & Simpson, 2002). The electrophysiological response in the P1 timeframe is generated by multiple visual cortical areas including V1, V2, V3 and V4 (Di Russo et al., 2002). On the other hand, the simple cortical magnification model introduced earlier is entirely based on measurements in V1. Nonetheless, work has shown a general maintenance of spatial mapping patterns across progressively higher levels of the cortical hierarchy, such that one would expect initially reorganized spatial maps to be maintained to at least some degree in later retinotopically mapped regions (Motter, 2009; Harvey & Dumoulin, 2011), although as receptive field sizes progressively increase along the hierarchy, an entirely strict one-to-one maintenance of initial mapping would seem unlikely.

Stakeholders’ views on pharmacist prescribing training

Stakeholders’ views on pharmacist prescribing training PLX4032 mouse in the community setting could also be explored. “
“Objectives  To determine whether pharmacy-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening reached the desired population, the local population’s awareness of pharmacy screening and the views of service users and the general public about CVD screening. Methods  Pharmacy staff, located in one English Primary Care Trust providing a CVD screening service, issued questionnaires to service users who had undergone screening. Face-to-face street surveys were conducted with members of the general public within the vicinity of

each participating pharmacy. Key findings  A total of 259 people were screened within the first 6 months of service provision, 97 of whom (37.4%) GSK126 completed the evaluation questionnaire. In addition,

261 non-service users participated in street surveys. Most respondents among both service users and non-users had at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including smoking and lack of exercise. Responses to statements regarding CVD screening showed a high level of agreement with the need for screening in both groups. However, significantly more service users (90.7%) agreed that a pharmacy was a good place for screening compared to the non-users (77.4%; P < 0.005). Likewise significantly fewer service users agreed that screening should be only carried out by doctors (10.3 compared to 25.3% of non-users; P < 0.005). The overall majority of service users 96 (99.7%) had a positive experience of the screening service, agreeing that they were

given enough time and pharmacists made them feel at ease. Only 9% of non-users were aware of the pharmacy service and, although the majority (78.4%) were willing to be screened at a pharmacy, this was significantly lower among males than females (69.9 compared to 82.7%; P < 0.005). Perceived concerns about confidentiality and lack of privacy were among learn more barriers identified to taking up screening. Conclusion  Pharmacy-based CVD screening is acceptable to the public. Its uptake could be improved through increased awareness of the service and by addressing concerns about privacy and confidentiality in promotional activities. “
“Objectives  The aim was to investigate community pharmacists’ views on the implementation of the electronic Minor Ailment Service (e-MAS) in Scottish community pharmacies and to quantify the barriers and facilitators to service provision. Methods  A postal cross-sectional survey of all community pharmacies in Scotland (n = 1138) was conducted. A combination of open, closed and Likert-type questions were used. Key findings  A response rate of 49.5% was achieved.

Amprenavir concentrations in CSF were measured by liquid chromato

Amprenavir concentrations in CSF were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) (LOD 0.5 ng/mL; Tandem Lab, West Trenton, NJ, USA) in samples obtained at different time intervals after the FPV/r dose. Adherence was evaluated at each visit using a validated questionnaire [The Grupo Español para el estudio Multifactorial de la Adherencia (GEMMA)] [16]. The primary endpoint was expressed as the percentage of patients without VF at week 48. The Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare continuous and qualitative variables, respectively, between patients with and without VF. The Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used for comparisons between baseline and follow-up data.

Quantitative variables are expressed as the median, and the minimum and maximum. Analyses were performed using SPSS, version Gemcitabine datasheet 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Twenty patients were enrolled between November 2007 and November 2008; their median age was 43.5 years, 55% were female, 60% were

heterosexual, and 70% had been diagnosed with AIDS. The median nadir CD4 count was 108 cells/μL (range 4–447 cells/μL) and the median CD4 count at study entry was 403 cells/μL (range 103–825 cells/μL). Patients had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for a median of 70 months (range 11–139 months), and VL had been undetectable for a median of 17 months (range 6–120 months). Forty per cent of patients OTX015 ic50 Acetophenone had received one-to-four PI regimens, and 50% had received NNRTI regimens. No patients switched to FPV/r from NNRTI-based regimens. At week 48, nine patients (45%) had therapeutic failure by ITT analysis (seven patients had VF and two patients withdrew from the study because of severe diarrhoea and personal decision, respectively). Eleven patients (55%) completed the study with FPV/r monotherapy and VL <40 copies/mL. Patient enrolment was stopped prematurely because VF was documented in seven cases. The characteristics of these patients are shown in Table 1. Five resistance tests were available, and major protease mutations conferring resistance to FPV (32I, 47V and 54L) were detected in only one case, in addition to one

minor mutation (13V). This patient had received FPV/r plus two NRTIs starting 83 months before entering the study as the first and only antiretroviral regimen and had undetectable VL for 81 months. Some other minor mutations in two other patients (10I, 36I and 71T), and several polymorphisms (15V, 35D, 63P, 77I and 93L) were also found in patients with VF (Table 1). No baseline resistance test results were available for any of the seven patients with VF. The patient with major protease mutations conferring resistance to FPV was switched to DRV/r plus previous NRTIs, and again achieved undetectable VL. In the other six patients with VF, VL was re-suppressed after the reintroduction of NRTIs used before participation in the study.

Amprenavir concentrations in CSF were measured by liquid chromato

Amprenavir concentrations in CSF were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) (LOD 0.5 ng/mL; Tandem Lab, West Trenton, NJ, USA) in samples obtained at different time intervals after the FPV/r dose. Adherence was evaluated at each visit using a validated questionnaire [The Grupo Español para el estudio Multifactorial de la Adherencia (GEMMA)] [16]. The primary endpoint was expressed as the percentage of patients without VF at week 48. The Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare continuous and qualitative variables, respectively, between patients with and without VF. The Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used for comparisons between baseline and follow-up data.

Quantitative variables are expressed as the median, and the minimum and maximum. Analyses were performed using SPSS, version Buparlisib clinical trial 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Twenty patients were enrolled between November 2007 and November 2008; their median age was 43.5 years, 55% were female, 60% were

heterosexual, and 70% had been diagnosed with AIDS. The median nadir CD4 count was 108 cells/μL (range 4–447 cells/μL) and the median CD4 count at study entry was 403 cells/μL (range 103–825 cells/μL). Patients had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for a median of 70 months (range 11–139 months), and VL had been undetectable for a median of 17 months (range 6–120 months). Forty per cent of patients Selleck PI3K Inhibitor Library FER had received one-to-four PI regimens, and 50% had received NNRTI regimens. No patients switched to FPV/r from NNRTI-based regimens. At week 48, nine patients (45%) had therapeutic failure by ITT analysis (seven patients had VF and two patients withdrew from the study because of severe diarrhoea and personal decision, respectively). Eleven patients (55%) completed the study with FPV/r monotherapy and VL <40 copies/mL. Patient enrolment was stopped prematurely because VF was documented in seven cases. The characteristics of these patients are shown in Table 1. Five resistance tests were available, and major protease mutations conferring resistance to FPV (32I, 47V and 54L) were detected in only one case, in addition to one

minor mutation (13V). This patient had received FPV/r plus two NRTIs starting 83 months before entering the study as the first and only antiretroviral regimen and had undetectable VL for 81 months. Some other minor mutations in two other patients (10I, 36I and 71T), and several polymorphisms (15V, 35D, 63P, 77I and 93L) were also found in patients with VF (Table 1). No baseline resistance test results were available for any of the seven patients with VF. The patient with major protease mutations conferring resistance to FPV was switched to DRV/r plus previous NRTIs, and again achieved undetectable VL. In the other six patients with VF, VL was re-suppressed after the reintroduction of NRTIs used before participation in the study.

The patient had a history of atopia Treatment with topic clobeta

The patient had a history of atopia. Treatment with topic clobetasol 0.05% in a daily

application was performed for 1 week and intensified by occlusive technique every day for 10 days and to alternate days for 2 more weeks. Cutaneous tests were not realized. The evolution went to the total resolution 5 weeks from the beginning of the symptoms. Which is the reason of the above-mentioned reaction? SOLUTION: Contact dermatitis caused by a temporary tattoo with black henna. The temporary tattoos with henna (powder of greenish color, obtained from Lawsonia inermis’s leaves) are traditionally used as adornment in certain cultures (Muslim and Hindu principally) or ceremonies (weddings, Lumacaftor datasheet pregnancy). The obtained dye can be of different colors: brown, red, purple, black. Its use is habitual in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East and it has spread to Occident at the same time as other procedures like definitive tattoos or piercings. These tattoos are well accepted

by occidental travelers in view of its non-permanent character (2–3 wk of duration) and they INK 128 concentration are normally made by “ambulant artists” or in establishments with low sanitary guarantees, since already it had been detected in the destination visited by our patient.1 To improve the quality of the tattoo (color, dried, duration) the henna can be mixed with certain additives, one of them is ρ-phenylenediamine (PPD), a coloring authorized in low concentrations (up to 6%) for cosmetic products like dyes for hair, products that our patient had never used before. PPD is a well-known contact allergen2 being used to obtain the black henna, occasionally in concentrations of up to 15%.

Its use explains the high incidence of contact dermatitis in this type of tattoos.3,4 PPD can cause immediate or late reaction and other problems such as crossed reactivity Phosphoprotein phosphatase to dyes used habitually in hairdresser’s shop, clothes, or footwear, even with certain medicaments such as sulfonamides or sulfonylureas. The injuries of our patient suggest a contact dermatitis caused by a delayed-type allergy IV that appeared after a wide lag time of 10 days typical of a first exhibition to the allergen, similar to the two cases described by Laüchl and colleagues.3 Although we believe that PPD is the most probable reason of the reaction we cannot confirm with absolute safety that it should be the responsible allergen given the absence of cutaneous specific tests. The reaction evolved to the complete resolution but permanent injuries have been described as hypo- or hyperpigmentation and cicatrizial queloids.5 In addition, the previous contact with black henna/PPD can cause the permanent sensibilization to commented dyes,6 with the limitation that it can suppose for the affected persons.