J Appl Polym Sci 116:1146-1156,2010″
“Introduction: Young children and infants with chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of hyperphosphatemia because of high intake of dairy products. Hyperphosphatemia leads to metastatic calcifications and an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Sevelamer is an effective phosphate binder, but for children it has important practical disadvantages: it clogs enteral feeding tubes and can cause gastrointestinal complaints. Pre-treatment of dairy products to reduce their phosphate content might solve those problems.
Methods: Sevelamer hydrochloride and sevelamer carbonate were suspended in various dairy products
(cow’s milk, breast milk, baby formula, and tube-feeding formula). Each product was tested with varying concentrations of sevelamer. After suspension, each sample was stored LY2157299 purchase for 10 minutes, allowing the sevelamer to precipitate. The supernatant was decanted and analyzed for pH and for phosphate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and chloride content.
Results: We observed a significant decrease in the phosphate content of all tested products. With sevelamer hydrochloride, the phosphate reduction was 48% – 91% in the various products, and with sevelamer carbonate, it was 22% – 87%. The highest
effectiveness was found in breast milk. A pH increase was found in all products. With sevelamer hydrochloride, a significant increase in chloride occurred. Notably, a significant decrease in calcium content
(-75%) was observed Selonsertib in treated breast milk.
Conclusions: Pretreatment of a variety of dairy products with either sevelamer hydrochloride or sevelamer carbonate effectively reduced their phosphate content and might avoid troublesome ingestion of sevelamer PD0325901 in children. The change in pH with sevelamer hydrochloride was remarkable, reflecting buffering mechanisms. The reduction in the calcium content of breast milk is a potential concern and should be carefully considered and monitored during clinical use of sevelamer.”
“Purpose: To prospectively compare contrast material-enhanced harmonic compound ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in detecting nodular infiltration in the spleen of patients with newly diagnosed Hodgkin lymphoma.
Materials and Methods: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 100 consecutive patients with Hodgkin lymphoma during pretreatment staging were prospectively investigated for possible spleen involvement by comparing harmonic compound US (integrated with intravenous infusion of microbubbles in 33 patients) with CT and FDG PET. Findings indicative of malignant nodules with the imaging procedures were regarded as lymphoma infiltration; in case of discrepancy, response to treatment was regarded as evidence of lymphoma.