In the inferred selleck chemicals phylogenetic tree (Figure 1), strain JC301T fell into a large cluster containing the genera Cellulomonas, Oerskovia and Sanguibacter. In this cluster, strain JC301T formed a distinct lineage. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identity between JC301T and the type strains of related species (Cellulomonas, Oerskovia and Sanguibacter) of suborder Micrococcineae ranged from 92 to 95%. These values were lower than the threshold recommended by Schloss and Handelsman [25] to delineate a new genus without carrying out DNA-DNA hybridization, thus suggesting that strain JC301T represents a novel genus. Based on the 16S rRNA phylogenetic evidence described above, we conclude that JC301T represents a novel genus and species within the suborder Micrococcineae of the phylum Actinobacteria (see Table 1).

Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree highlighting the position of Timonella senegalensis strain JC301T relative to several type species of suborder Micrococcineae. Genbank accession numbers are indicated in parentheses. Sequences were aligned using ClustalW, and phylogenetic … Table 1 Classification and general features of Timonella senegalensis strain JC301T according to the MIGS recommendations [26] Different growth temperatures (25, 30, 37, 45��C) were tested; growth occurred between 30 and 37��C, and optimal growth was observed at 37��C. Colonies were 1 mm in diameter on blood-enriched Columbia agar and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar. Growth of the strain was tested in 5% sheep blood agar (BioM��rieux), under anaerobic and microaerophilic conditions using GENbag anaer and GENbag microaer systems, respectively (BioMerieux), and under aerobic conditions, with or without 5% CO2.

The strain grew optimally under aerobic conditions, however, weak growth was observed in microaerophilic and anaerobic atmospheres. Therefore, Drug_discovery we concluded that strain JC301T is a primarily aerobic, facultative anaerobic bacterium. The bacterial cells were Gram-positive, non-endospore-forming, short, irregular, motile rods (Figure 2), and had a mean diameter of 0.59 ��m as determined using electron microscopy (Figure 3). Figure 2 Gram staining of T. senegalensis strain JC301T Figure 3 Transmission electron microscopy of T. senegalensis strain JC301T, using a Morgani 268D (Philips) at an operating voltage of 60kV. The scale bar represents 900 nm Strain JC301T exhibited catalase but no oxidase activity. Using an API Rapid ID 32A system, positive reactions were obtained for urease, arginine dihydrolase, indole production, ��-glucuronidase, mannose fermentation, alkaline phosphatase, arginine arylamidase, leucyl glycine arylamidase and histidine arylamidase. A weak positive reaction was obtained for pyroglutamyl arylamidase.