PubMedCrossRef 55. Green KJ, Rowbottom DG: Exercise-induced changes to in vitro T-lymphocyte mitogen responses using CFSE. J Appl Physiol 2003, 95:57–63.PubMed 56. Ortega A, Gil A, Sánchez-Pozo A: Exogenous nucleosides

modulate expression and activity of transcription factors in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2011, 22:595–604.PubMedCrossRef 57. Ryan KM, Ernst MK, Rice NR, Vousden KH: Role of NF-kappa-B in p53-mediated programmed cell death. Nature 2000, phosphatase inhibitor library 404:892–897.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests Financial support for this work was provided by Bioiberica S.A. (Palafolls, Spain). Authors’ contributions JR and VP were the study coordinators and were involved in research design, data collection and analysis, as well as manuscript preparation. DM and CC were involved in research design, analysis and manuscript preparation. JAT, AP and FD assisted in research design and analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background In ageing common

metabolic, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, ultimately reduce healthspan and lifespan. Regardless of the mechanism, a common feature of aging-related diseases is the involvement of selleck chemicals llc metabolic systems in general, and the mitochondria in particular [1]. We have recently demonstrated that supplementation of aged mice with a branched-chain amino acid-enriched mixture (BCAAem) promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and function, with a reduced radical oxygen species (ROS) production and extension of mean survival [2]. All the BCAAem-mediated effects appeared to be considerably enhanced by combined resistance exercise training and strongly attenuated in endothelial nitric oxide synthase null-mutant mice (eNOS−/−) or after rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Although a direct metabolic effect of BCAAem on skeletal muscles contributes to the overall change in mitochondrial biogenesis and function and antioxidant activity

[2], an indirect tissue effect mediated or sustained by circulating factors may contribute to the observed effects on survival or, simply, may represent footprint biomarkers of the nutritional strategy. This concern might also be considered in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying the L-gulonolactone oxidase known beneficial effect of BCAA supplementation before and after exercise mainly consisting in decreased exercise-induced muscle damage and promoted muscle protein synthesis [3]. Indeed initial reports highlight the effects of BCAA enriched mixtures supplementation on the pattern of circulating factors such as cytokines [4] and hormones (i.e. GH) following exercise in humans [5]. Here we used plasma proteomics to investigate whether dietary supplementation with BCAAem would impact on the plasma protein profile thus defining a plasma biomarker fingerprint of supplementation in adult sedentary mice. Methods 12 male mice (F2 Hybrid B6.