It was speculated that such superior replicative fitness of genotype VII could have been a possible factor for the ultimate dominance of genotype VII in nature. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We recently reported on the direct measurements of the energy distribution of energetic neutrals incident onto the cathode of an argon dc glow discharge [T. Ito and M.A. Cappelli, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 101503 (2007)]. In this paper, we provide a more extensive report of the experimental data, as well as direct comparisons to

Monte Carlo simulations in which neutral-neutral and ion-neutral collision processes are modeled with differential scattering cross sections. The experimental results, which are limited to relatively small

ZVADFMK forward angle sampling in our present configuration, are found to be in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. The simulations reveal that high energy neutrals are striking the cathode with a wide range of angles, while ions are more anisotropic. Therefore, it is difficult Selleckchem Panobinostat to predict the neutral energy distribution with commonly used simple analytical models that do not consider scattering of neutrals within the sheath. We propose the use of an extended analytical model in this paper, which seems to provide reasonable energy distributions over the range of discharge voltage studied. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3160329]“
“This research was focused on the mechanical ITF2357 properties of electrically conducting composites based on polyaniline (PAn)-coated short glass fibers (SGFs) immersed in an

isotactic polypropylene (iPP) matrix. In these composites, PAn was actually grafted onto the SGF surface, and so it was denoted PAn-g-SGE The tensile, flexural, and interlaminar fracture toughness was investigated. To study the influence of PAn-g-SGF, three different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 wt %) were melt-mixed in the iPP resin with a batch mixer. X-ray patterns of the as-molded plaques of iPP and its composites showed an isotropic orientation. Uniaxial tensile deformation revealed that the Young’s modulus and tensile stress increased as the concentration of PAn-g-SGF increased, on the other hand, the strain at failure was significantly reduced (by 2 orders of magnitude) with respect to the neat iPP. Scanning electron microscopy studies on the failure specimens indicated that the significant reduction of the strain at failure was due to the low interfacial bonding between the fibers and the surrounding matrix. Moreover, X-ray scattering analyses of the fractured regions showed that the uniaxial deformation enabled significant molecular orientation in the iPP, whereas the fractured composites remained isotropic.