It is also a useful measure when they are asked at the end of the therapy to do the same and will often choose a different card. This again demonstrates the movement that has occurred during the course of counselling. Consent was obtained from all those referred by the counsellor for anonymised data to be used for evaluation of the service. We performed a retrospective Veliparib solubility dmso analysis of data obtained for people referred to the service between June 2007 and June 2010, using measurements

made pre- and post-attendance at the course of counselling. We looked at effects on HbA1c as a measure of glycaemic control, and changes in scores from the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) outcome measure questionnaire,7 a measure of feelings of anxiety and risk, to assess the effectiveness of the counselling. This system was chosen over specific diabetes evaluation measures because it related

to the person as a whole rather than their diabetes alone. As life events that result in anxiety have a detrimental effect on the ability to self-care, we used a measure encompassing their anxieties as a whole rather than focusing purely on the diabetes. Comparison of pre- and post-counselling Copanlisib purchase values were made using chi-squared test for gender, Wilcoxon signed rank test for non-parametric data (HbA1c) and paired t-test for normally distributed data (age, CORE scores), with a 5% level of probability denoting significance. There were 79 people referred to the type 1 diabetes counselling service. The Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) average age was 40.1 years (SD 15.3), with 21 males and 58 females. Glycaemic control in the full cohort was sub-optimal (HbA1c pre-counselling [median (range)] 9.7% [5.8, 17.8]), and CORE scores revealed high levels of anxiety in these patients about their diabetes (CORE score pre-counselling [mean ± SD] 1.63±0.74). Of the 79 people referred, 17 did not complete the course of counselling. There was a trend towards these being more likely to be male (seven males and 10 females did not complete the counselling course; p=0.059), but there was no difference in age (completers [mean ± SD] 39.9±15.6 years, non-completers 39.3±13.8 years; p=0.883), glycaemic control (completers [median

(range)] 9.5% [6.2, 17.8], non-completers 10.6% [7.8, 13.7]; p=0.164) or CORE score (completers [mean ± SD] 1.60±0.71, non-completers 1.90±1.00; p=0.283). Of this group, seven did not start their counselling course despite referral, four did not complete the course after discussion with the counsellor, and six missed one or more sessions, so were not re-appointed. We did not explore the specific reasons why they did not complete the course, and the small numbers preclude further analysis of the different groups of non-completers. Data from the 62 people who completed the course were analysed to assess the impact of counselling. There was a reduction observed in both glycaemic control (HbA1c pre-counselling [median (range)] 9.5% [6.2, 17.8], post-counselling 9.3% [5.