In this paper we show that, although the energy gap is the same, the actual density of quasiparticle states may vary considerably across a proximized structure, with a secondary peak at the energy of the higher gap material. Our calculations
indicate that this selleck inhibitor peak can give rise to the generation of excess subgap phonons through which a larger portion of the original photon energy is lost from the quasiparticle system. The associated lower quasiparticle yield effectively reduces the responsivity of the proximized detector and affects the limiting energy resolution. The predictions have been confirmed by experimental results obtained with a distributed
read out imaging detector (DROID) in which the response to photons absorbed in a pure Ta layer and in a Ta/Al proximized structure could be compared directly. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3141840]“
“Objective-To selleckchem assess whether physical training induces cardiac hypertrophy and valvular regurgitation in maturing Standardbred trotters and to establish a prediction model for the size of the left ventricle.
Design-Longitudinal observational study.
Animals-53 Standardbred trotters.
Procedures-Each horse underwent 2-D, M-mode, and color flow Doppler echocardiography at 5.5 years of age; previously, each horse had been examined at 2, 2.5, 3, and 3.5 (time of maturity) years of age. Horses were or were not in training or racing for variable periods during the entire assessment period; data for a given horse were assigned to 1 of 2 groups on the basis of the horse’s status at the fifth examination (racing [n = 40] or not racing [13]). At each examination, left ventricular (LV) internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd), LV mass, and mean and relative LV wall thicknesses were measured. Prevalence and severity of tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic
valve regurgitation selleck were determined.
Results-During the assessment period, LVIDd, LV mass, and mean LV wall thickness increased; body weight was significantly associated with those variables. Prediction of LV mass was possible when sex and weight were included in the model. Prevalence of valvular regurgitation increased for all valves. An increased risk of development of tricuspid and pulmonary valve regurgitation for horses in racing was observed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The LV mass and prevalence of valvular regurgitation increased (indicative of development of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy and valvular regurgitation) in young horses, even during the latter part of the assessment period, when maturity was attained.