Furthermore, we isolated OsHMA3, a gene encoding a tonoplast-loca

Furthermore, we isolated OsHMA3, a gene encoding a tonoplast-localized Cd transporter from Jarjan. The OsHMA3 protein was localized in all roots cells,

but the sequence has a mutation leading to loss of function. Therefore, failure to sequester Cd into the root vacuoles by OsHMA3 is probably responsible for high Cd accumulation in Jarjan.”
“To obtain a photoresponsive hydrogel, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) having coumarin residue as a pending group was crosslinked by photodimerizing the coumarin pendants. PVA having coumarin pendants was prepared by reacting the polymer with epoxypropoxy coumarin (EPC) in a strong alkali condition with EPC/PVA molar ratio of 200/1. According to the 1H NMR spectrum of PVA-EPC conjugate, the molar ratio of EPC residue to PVA was about 4.3/1, indicating that EPC was attached to PVA every Selleck Stem Cell Compound Library 444 repeating units of vinyl alcohol. An aqueous solution of PVA-EPC (5%, w/v) became a semi-solid hydrogel by the irradiation of

a light ( = 365 nm; 400 W) for 1 hr. The dimerization degree of EPC residues of the hydrogel decreased and increased in a periodical manner under the cyclic irradiation between two UV lights ( = 365 nm and = 254 nm). The release of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) from PVA-EPC hydrogel was significantly enhanced by the 5 min-irradiation of = 254 nm (6 W), possibly due to the photodedimerization of EPC residues of the hydrogel. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are potential nanomaterial electromechanical oscillators because of their outstanding Akt inhibitor mechanical and electronic properties. Double-layer GNRs (DLGNRs), which are two-layer finite-wide counterparts of crystalline graphene sheets coupled to each other via van der Waals interaction forces, present two kinds of vibrational R406 solubility dmso modes in flexural wave propagation. These two modes are defined as

the in-phase mode and anti-phase mode. In this study, based on the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory and Winkler spring model, the wave propagation characteristics of DLGNRs embedded in an elastic matrix are investigated by dividing the vibrational mode into the in-phase mode and anti-phase mode. This will provide more accurate guidance for the application of DLGNRs. When the nonlocal effects and elastic matrix are considered, three critical frequencies are found. These are defined as the cutoff, escape, and low-cutoff frequencies. Moreover, the results show that the wave propagation characteristics of embedded DLGNRs are significantly influenced by nonlocal parameters and the Winkler foundation modulus. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3653827]“
“Four trials, each with a randomized complete block design, were conducted with 8,647 beef steers (initial BW = 346 +/- 29.

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