Also, the presence of larger primary size of TiO2 NPs (i.e., T240) in the photoelectrode generated higher value of V oc than smaller TiO2 NPs (i.e., T25), and the value of V oc was increased with increasing the light concentration as shown in Figure 2b. Therefore, the resulting PCE of T25/find more T240-DL©-based DSSCs remained very stably with the highest values under the higher light concentrations as shown in Figure 2c. Here, © denotes the condenser lens-based solar concentrator installed on top of DSSCs. Figure 2 Photovoltaic properties of T25/T25-DL-, T25/T240-DL-, and T240/T240-DL-based Alisertib DSSCs. The evolution of (a) I sc, (b) V oc, and (c)

PCE of T25/T25-DL-, T25/T240-DL-, and T240/T240-DL-based DSSCs as a function of light concentration. Table 2 and Figures 3 and 4 provide further details on the photovoltaic performance of three different types of DSSCs with T25/T25, T25/T240, and T240/T240 DL. With the synergistic effect of the presence of the light-scattering layer in the photoelectrodes of DSSCs and the adoption of

maximized light concentration (i.e., 3.72 Suns) in this study, T25/T240-DL©-DSSCs generated the I sc of 11.92 mA at 0.36 cm2, which is comparable BYL719 mouse with the I sc of 12.12 mA at 0.36 cm2 generated by T25/T25-DL©-DSSCs. However, the resulting PCE of T25/T240-DL©-DSSCs was approximately 4.11%, which is larger than approximately 3.84% of T25/T25-DL©-DSSCs. This is because the application of Clomifene the light-scattering layer (T240) on top of the dye-absorbing layer (T25) (i.e., T25/T240 DL) increases light retention in the photoelectrodes of DSSCs; consequently, a considerably larger number of photogenerated electrons are injected into the TiO2 layer, resulting in relatively high photocurrent. Also, the adoption of T25/T240 DL© increased the resulting V oc of 0.74 V, which

is 6% increase compared to the V oc of 0.70 V made by T25/T25 DL©. Furthermore, the increase in photogenerated electrons appears to slightly lower the recombination (R rec) and transport resistances (R t), and simultaneously increase the electron lifetime (τ e) due to increase in the diffusion coefficient of electrons. This result suggests that trapping and detrapping of electrons in TiO2 layers occurs at shallow levels under very high light intensity, and therefore, the electron transfer rate in the multi-layered DSSCs is considerably greater than that in the reference single-layered DSSCs. Table 2 Summary of photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs with T25/T25 DL, T25/T240 DL and T240/T240 DL Type I SC (mA) V OC (V) FF PCE (%) R rec (Ω) R t (Ω) τ e (ms) T25/T25 DL© 12.12 0.70 0.61 3.84 5 5 2.0 T25/T240 DL© 11.92 0.74 0.62 4.11 3 2 3.1 T240/T240 DL© 2.21 0.77 0.47 0.60 25 12 1.3 The photoelectrodes of DSSCs with condenser lens-based solar concentrator was under the light concentration of approximately 3.