A better understanding of toxin-regulated gene expression would be helpful to identify safe levels of exposure and could eventually be the basis for establishing guidelines for remediation scenarios following a water intrusion event. In this research, cytokine mRNA
expression patterns were investigated in the human see more monocytic THP-1 cell line exposed to fungal extracts of various fragment sizes obtained from Stachybotrys chartarum RTI 5802 and/or Aspergillus versicolor RTI 3843, two common and well-studied mycotoxin producing fungi. Cytokine mRNA expression was generally upregulated 210 times following a 24 h exposure to fungal extracts. Expression of the proinflammatory interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-a genes increased while the anti-inflammatory gene interleukin-10 also increased albeit at very low level, suggesting that negative feedback regulation mechanism of production of proinflammatory cytokines initiated upon 24 h of incubation. In addition, submicron size extracts of A. versicolor caused significant death of THP-1 cells, whereas extracts of S. chartarum caused no cell death while the mixture of the two fungi had an intermediate effect. There was no general correlation between IACS-10759 mw gene expression and fragment sizes, which suggests that all submicron fragments may contribute to inflammatory response. (c) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2013.”
“Background
Amniotomy
or artificial rupture of membranes is routinely used
for induction of labour.
Aims
To assess the efficacy of amniotomy alone for induction.
Methods
A retrospective descriptive study of 3,586 cases of amniotomy for induction of labour between July 1996 and December 1999.
Results
In total, 26,670 women delivered in the National Maternity Hospital during the study period. selleck chemicals llc Of these 4,928 women required induction of labour and 72.8% of these (n = 3,586) underwent amniotomy only for induction of labour. Spontaneous labour occurred in 90.1% of the women who underwent amniotomy within 24 h. Oxytocin as an induction agent was employed in 9.8% of cases. Overall, 80.5% of the women had a spontaneous delivery, 7.3% had a ventouse delivery, 4.3% had a forceps delivery, and 7.9% underwent a caesarean section. In total, 90.5% of multips and 63.4% of primips had a spontaneous vaginal delivery.
Conclusions
Amniotomy is a simple, safe and effective method of induction of labour.”
“Aims
The purpose of this study was to review indications, source of haemorrhage, method of embolisation and clinical outcome in patients referred to Interventional Radiology for the emergency management of acute arterial haemorrhage.
Methods
Retrospective review of patients undergoing emergency percutaneous embolisation over 4 years. Clinical details, computed tomographic findings, embolisation procedure details and clinical outcome are outlined.