7%) were found to have an acute Campylobacter infection. A significant higher number of children with Campylobacter infection were found in Sekou Toure hospital http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html compared to BMC [16.0% (21/29) versus 4.7% (8/29) (OR=3.8; 95% CI=1.6-9.0; p=0.002). No significant association was found between using tap water, well water or river/lake water and boiling of water with Campylobacter infection while keeping cows had a borderline association with the disease on the univariate analysis (OR=2.8; 95% CI=0.9-8.1; p=0.054) (Table 2). Table 2 Predictors of Campylobacter infection among under five children attending at BMC and Sekou-Toure Upon multivariate logistic regression analysis, children attending Sekou Toure where more likely to be found with campylobacter infection than children attending BMC (OR=2.

9; 95% CI=1.1-7.7; p=0.037). In addition on multivariate logistic regression analysis; age above 24 months and malaria co-infection were found to be significant predictors of Campylobacter infection among children with acute watery diarrhea (OR=4.0; 95% CI=1.7-9.7; p=0.002 and OR=3.4; 95% CI=1.2-10.1; p=0.021 respectively) (Table 2). Antibiotic use and campylobacter infection Of 169 under-fives from BMC, 141 (83.4%) had used antibiotics compared to 35 (26.7%) out of 131 under-fives from Sekou Toure hospital (p<0.001). Of 141 children from Bugando Medical Centre who used antibiotics 4/141 (2.8%) had campylobacter infection compared to 4/28 (14.3%) of those who did not use antibiotics (p=0.019). No significant difference regarding antibiotic use and campylobacter infection was observed among children from Sekou Toure (Table 3).

Table 3 Sub-analysis of antibiotics use history as a predictor of Campylobacter infection by hospitals Discussion General patient characteristics and clinical co-morbidities This hospital-based study involved 300 patients below the age of 60 months with watery diarhorea. The median age was 12 months, a finding which is similar to results obtained from a study in Kampala, Uganda [11]. Similar demographic characteristics were also observed in previous studies in Mozambique and Kenya [12,13]. Diarrhea in children has shown predilection to affect children below 2 years of age more than any other age group [1]. This was confirmed also in our study, in which 74% of the recruited children were below 2 years of age.

In view of clinical co-morbidities, this study found that of 300 under-fives, 10% had concurrent malaria. The study in Mozambique had reported similar findings [12]. Similar to the study in Mozambique, about two third of children in the present study had fever [12]. Cilengitide The prevalence of Campylobacter infection This study found the proportion of under-fives with Campylobacter infection among children with acute watery diarrhea to be 9.7%. Similarly, studies from Uganda and the Central African Republic have shown a prevalence of 9.3% and 10.9% respectively [11,12].