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contributions S.Z. conceived the idea, designed the experiments, conducted XRD, EDX and impedance measurements and analysed the data. E.K synthesized Q2D WO3 nanoflakes, characterized them with CSFS-AFM, SEM, FTIR, Raman and electrochemical measurements and analysed the data. S.Z. and E.K organized, wrote and edited the paper. All authors contributed to the discussion and preparation of the manuscript. All authors read Loperamide and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Metallic nanorods from physical vapor deposition (PVD) have many technological applications, including sensors, through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [1–4], and as an air-tight adhesive for ambient sealing [5]. Due to their unique electrochemical properties, aluminum (Al) nanorods are attractive as electrodes in Li-ion and Al-air batteries [6–8]. Compared to Al powders that are used as the electrodes, Al nanorods grown directly onto current collectors do not require multi-step processing and are better able to accommodate cyclic strain while maintaining current-carrying contact [6, 8]. While it is feasible to grow Al nanorods using chemical vapor deposition or template electro-deposition [7, 8], PVD can offer better control of purity, alignment, and morphology [6, 9].