(2) Sufficient electrolyte pore filling in vertically branched st

(2) Sufficient electrolyte pore filling in vertically branched structures leads to efficient hole scavenging at ZnO/dye interfaces, lowering the locus of

recombination [25]. Although the power conversion www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html efficiency of the present work is lower than the highest value reported in the literature [6], our principal concern is on whether the tree-like nanostructure can improve on the conversion efficiency of a DSSC composed of nanorods. Transmembrane Transporters This study determined that a tree-like ZnO nanostructure synthesized through effortless and gentle reaction conditions is highly efficient and economically viable as a photoelectrode for DSSCs. Further work will improve the cell configuration and conversion efficiency. Conclusions This study prepared tree-like ZnO structures and ZnO nanorods for use as photoanodes in DSSCs. DSSCs composed of tree-like ZnO nanostructures were found to show greater photovoltaic performance than DSSCs

containing nanorods. Comparatively, tree-like ZnO structures exhibit a larger internal surface area for efficient dye loading and light harvesting, a greater available pore volume, reduced charge recombination, and improved interconnectivity for faster electron transport than ZnO nanorods. These improvements yield a 15% enhancement in power conversion. Acknowledgements This work was selleck supported by the Green Technology Research Center of Chang Gung University and the National Science Council (NSC) of Taiwan under contract numbers NSC100-2815-C-155-013-E, NSC100-2112-M-182-004, and NSC101-2112-M-182-003-MY3. References 1. Hsu CP, Lee unless KM, Huang JTW, Lin CY, Lee CH, Wang PL, Tsai SY, Ho KC: EIS analysis on low temperature fabrication of TiO 2 porous films for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2008, 53:7514–7522.CrossRef 2. Yella A, Lee HW, Tsao HN, Yi C, Chandiran AK, Nazeeruddin MK, Diau EW-G, Yeh CY: Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells

with cobalt (II/III)–based redox electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency. Science 2011, 334:629–634.CrossRef 3. Nissfolk J, Fredin K, Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G: Recombination and transport processes in dye-sensitized solar cells investigated under working conditions. J Phys Chem B 2006, 110:17715–17718.CrossRef 4. Gratzel M: Solar energy conversion by dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells. Inorg Chem 2005, 44:6841–6851.CrossRef 5. Gratzel M: Conversion of sunlight to electric power by nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A 2004, 164:3–14.CrossRef 6. Zhang Q, Dandeneau CS, Zhou X, Cao G: ZnO nanostructures for dye-sensitized solar cells. Adv Mater 2009, 21:4087–1408.CrossRef 7. Park K, Zhang QF, Garcia BB, Zhou XY, Jeong YH, Cao GZ: Effect of an ultrathin TiO 2 layer coated on submicrometer-sized ZnO nanocrystallite aggregates by atomic layer deposition on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells. Adv Mater 2010, 22:2329–2332.CrossRef 8.

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