Conclusions Adoption of risk-stratified evidence-based aftercare pathways, generated through application of service improvement methodologies, can result in the delivery of enhanced quality and productivity.”
“Retro-bulbar sinus puncture

and facial vein phlebotomy are two widely used methods for blood sampling in laboratory mice. However, the animal welfare implications associated with these selleck chemical techniques are currently debated, and the possible physiological and pathological implications of blood sampling using these methods have been sparsely investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess and compare the impacts of blood sampling by retro-bulbar sinus puncture and facial vein phlebotomy. Blood was obtained from either the retro-bulbar sinus or the facial vein from male C57BL/6J mice at two time points, and the samples were analyzed for plasma corticosterone. Body weights were measured at the day of blood sampling and the day after blood sampling, and the food consumption was recorded automatically during the 24 hours post-procedure. At the end of study, cheeks AZD7762 and orbital regions were collected for histopathological analysis to assess the degree of tissue trauma. Mice subjected to facial vein phlebotomy had significantly elevated plasma corticosterone levels at both time points in contrast to

mice subjected to retro-bulbar sinus puncture, which did not. Both groups of sampled see more mice lost weight following blood sampling, but the body weight loss was higher in mice subjected to facial vein phlebotomy. The food consumption was not significantly different between

the two groups. At gross necropsy, subcutaneous hematomas were found in both groups and the histopathological analyses revealed extensive tissue trauma after both facial vein phlebotomy and retro-bulbar sinus puncture. This study demonstrates that both blood sampling methods have a considerable impact on the animals’ physiological condition, which should be considered whenever blood samples are obtained.”
“Context: Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) are a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid (LA) and believed to have many positive biological activities.\n\nObjective: The present study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant activity of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 as single or mixed CLA isomers at two ratios, 1:6 and 1:13 (trans-10, cis-12/cis-9, trans-11).\n\nMaterials and methods: A microplate reader was used to determine the free radical scavenging properties of CLAs against DPPH radical in ethanol.\n\nResults: The kinetic reactions of CLA-DPPH center dot showed that all tested CLAs have exerted radical scavenging activities in a dose-dependent manner and observed to immediately react and quench DPPH radicals at all tested levels and no lag phase was noticed in CLA-DPPH center dot reactions.