01) and head/abdominal (HC/AC) ratio (1 vs 1.05 p < 0.01). When stratified for single cardiac diseases, fetuses with hypoplasic left heart syndrome showed a lower CPR and HC/AC ratio. Conclusions. Cerebrovascular resistance is significantly lower in fetuses with CHD, especially in cases of left side obstruction. The cerebro/placental hemodynamic changes
are similar to that described in fetuses with placental insufficiency and may contribute to their abnormal neurologic development.”
“Background: Children have better outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) than adults. However, little is known about the difference in outcomes between children and adults after OHCA due to Procaspase activation drowning.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the outcome after OHCA due to drowning between children and adults. Our hypothesis is that outcomes after OHCA due to drowning would be in better among children (<18 years old) compared with adults (>= 18 years old).
Method: This prospective population-based, observational study included all emergency medical service-treated OHCA due to drowning in Osaka, Japan, between 1999 and 2010 (excluding 2004). Outcomes were evaluated between younger PF-4708671 purchase children (0-4 years old), older children (5-17 years old), and adults (>=
18 years old). Major outcome measures were one-month survival and neurologically favorable one-month survival defined as cerebral performance category 1 or 2. Multivariate
logistic regression analyses were used to account for potential confounders.
Results: During the study period, 66,716 OHCAs were documented, and resuscitation was attempted for 62,048 patients (1300 children [2%] and 60,748 adults [98%]). Among these OHCAs, 1737 (3% of OHCAs) were due to drowning (36 younger children [2%], 32 older children [2%], and 1669 adults [96%]). The odds of one-month survival were significantly higher for younger children (28% [10/36]; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 20.20 [95% confidence interval CI 7.45-54.78]) DMXAA order and older children (9% [3/32]; AOR, 4.47 [95% CI 1.04-19.27]) when compared with adults (2% [28/1669]). However, younger children (6% [2/36]; AOR, 5.23 [95% CI 0.52-51.73]) and older children (3% [1/32]; AOR, 2.53 [95% CI 0.19-34.07]) did not have a higher odds of neurologically favorable outcome than adult s (1% [11/1669]).
Conclusion: In this large OHCA registry, children had better one-month survival rates after OHCA due to drowning compared with adults. Most survivors in all groups had unfavorable neurological outcomes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVES: To assess the demographic characteristics, psychiatric symptoms, substance use patterns, and sexual risk behaviors in a sample of club drug users to identify factors associated with unprotected sex during the 12 months prior to the interview.