Conclusion: A noninvasive differentiation between MCN and other forms of renal light chain disease is possible. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Although the biological bases of forgetting remain obscure, the consensus among cognitive psychologists emphasizes interference processes, rejecting decay in accounting for memory loss. In contrast to this view, recent advances in understanding the neurobiology of long-term memory maintenance lead us to propose that a brain-wide well-regulated decay process, occurring mostly during sleep, systematically removes selected memories. Down-regulation of this decay process can increase the life expectancy of a memory and

may eventually prevent its loss. Memory interference usually occurs during certain active learn more processing phases, such as encoding and retrieval, and will be stronger in brain areas with minimal sensory integration and

less pattern separation. In areas with efficient pattern separation, such as the hippocampus, interference-driven forgetting will be minimal, and, consequently, decay will cause most forgetting.”
“Hypoxia-evoked AZD9291 mw seizures (H/S) early in life lead to multiple chronic neurological deficits. Here, we present the results of studying GABA release and uptake in hippocampal axon terminals of rats exposed to H/S at 10-12 days of age. We characterized (i) exocytotic release of GABA; (ii) the Cell Penetrating Peptide initial rate of GABA uptake; (iii) the regulation of GABA release by presynaptic GABA(B) receptors. Rats were used for experiments 2, 4 and 8 weeks after H/S. We found that exocytotic [H-3]GABA release was higher in rats exposed to H/S, and a maximal difference

in the release was observed between the control and experimental rats tested 2 weeks after H/S. In contrast, the initial rate of GABA uptake decreased with age, and this tendency was more pronounced in rats exposed to H/S. Using (+/-)-baclofen and SKF 97541 as agonists of GABA(B) receptor, we revealed that a significant difference in the auto-inhibition of exocytotic [3H]GABA release was detected only between the control and experimental adult rats (8 weeks after hypoxia). The inhibitory effect dropped dramatically in the control adults, but only slightly decreased in adult rats exposed to H/S, thus becoming threefold more potent after hypoxic injury. Together, the results show that H/S affects the dynamics of age-dependent changes in the GABAergic system, and that the enhanced GABA(B) receptor-mediated auto-inhibition can be an important factor in weakening the postsynaptic inhibition and in the development of hyperexcitability in rats exposed to H/S. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background. Schizophrenia patients show disturbances on a range of tasks that assess mentalizing or ‘Theory of Mind’ (ToM).