Appl Phys Lett 2006,89(18):183112. 183112–3CrossRef 16. Donderis V, Hernández-Fenollosa MA, Damonte LC, Marí B, Cembrero J: Enhancement of surface this website morphology and optical properties of nanocolumnar ZnO films. Superlattices and Microstructures 2007, 42:461–467.CrossRef 17. Ghayour H, Rezaie HR, Mirdamadi S, Nourbakhsh AA: The effect of seed layer thickness on alignment and morphology of ZnO nanorods. Vacuum 2011, click here 86:101–105.CrossRef 18. Michael B, Mohammad Bagher R, Sayyed-Hossein K, Wojtek W, Kourosh K-z: Aqueous synthesis of interconnected ZnO nanowires using spray pyrolysis deposited seed layers. Mater Lett 2010, 64:291–294.CrossRef 19. Jang
Bo S, Hyuk C, Sung-O K: Rapid hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanowires by annealing methods on seed layers. J Nanomater 2011, 2011:6. 20. Peiro AM, Punniamoorthy R, Kuveshni G, Boyle DS, Paul O’B, Donal DC, Bradley , Jenny N, Durrant JR: Hybrid polymer/metal oxide solar cells based on ZnO columnar structures. J Mater Chem 2006,16(21):2088–2096.CrossRef 21. Vallet-Regí M, Salinas AJ, Arcos D: From the bioactive glasses to the star gels. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2006, 17:1011–1017.CrossRef 22. Peulon S, Lincot D: Mechanistic study of cathodic electrodeposition of zinc oxide and zinc hydroxychloride films from oxygenated aqueous zinc chloride solutions. J Electrochem Soc 1998, 145:864.CrossRef 23. Dalchiele EA, Giorgi P, Marotti learn more RE,
Martín F, Ramos-Barrado JR, Ayouci R, Leinen D: Electrodeposition of ZnO thin films on n-Si(100). Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2001, 70:245.CrossRef 24. Courtney IA, Dahn JR: Electrochemical and in situ X‐ray diffraction studies of the reaction of lithium with tin oxide composites. J Electrochem Soc 1997,144(6):2045–2052.CrossRef Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ Anidulafungin (LY303366) contributions MDRT carried out the electrodeposition process, sputtering and characterization techniques, and the study of the results, and drafted manuscript. HB contributed to the spin-coated experimental section. LCD, MAHF, and HJB conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination, and helped draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Up-conversion materials have the ability to convert lower energy near-infrared radiations into higher energy visible radiations. These materials have gained considerable attention because of their use in a wide range of important applications, from solid compact laser devices operating in the visible region and infrared quantum counter detectors to three-dimensional displays, temperature sensors, solar cells, anti-counterfeiting, and biological fluorescence labels and probes [1–6]. Further efforts in development of methods for preparation of up-conversion (UC) materials are therefore justified with aims of enhancing their UC efficiency and reducing production costs.