59; 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.77) and mortality due to CLD (RR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.67) compared to those who did not use aspirin. In contrast, users of non-aspirin NSAIDs had a reduced risk of mortality due to CLD (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.90) but did not have lower risk of incidence of HCC (RR = 1.08; 95% CI = 0.84 to 1.39) compared to those who did not use non-aspirin NSAIDs. The risk estimates did not vary in statistical significance by frequency (monthly,

weekly, daily) of aspirin use, but the reduced risk of mortality due to CLD was statistically significant only among monthly users of non-aspirin NSAIDs compared to non-users. Conclusions: Aspirin use was associated with reduced risk of developing HCC and of death Adriamycin solubility dmso due to CLD whereas nonaspirin NSAID use was only associated with reduced risk of death due to CLD. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) imposes an enormous burden in terms of morbidity and mortality and their associated costs. The incidence and prevalence of HCC are increasing also in Western countries, where HCC is now the leading cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Implementation of surveillance protocols have improved the prognosis of the treated patients but, unfortunately, more than 80% of HCC is diagnosed in areas lacking adequate infrastructures, leaving the vast majority of the patients

without GSI-IX proper treatment. In the U.S., more than 50% of patients still remain untreated. Several treatment options are available for patients with early to intermediate disease. These are often used sequentially and the costs of HCC management are elevated, compared to other neoplasm. Because of the aggressiveness of the disease, the unsatisfactory access to proper care and the costs associated with HCC management,

major efforts should be made in the implementation of preventative measures. Vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) is available and it has been shown to decrease the incidence of HCC in populations with endemic HBV infection. Measures to effectively prevent HBV/HCV infection as well as alcoholic liver disease and metabolic liver disease are well known; however they require modification of life style and are slow to become Casein kinase 1 effective. In addition, alcohol consumption in the younger generations and in countries that previously had a more moderate intake is actually on the rise, clearly becoming a matter of great concern. Eradication of HCV and the life-long use of antivirals with high biological barrier reduce the incidence of HCC in HCV- and HBV-infected patients, respectively. When etiologic treatment in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is not available or fails, prevention of HCC aims at halting necroinflammation and fibrosis. In this scenario, chemoprevention strategies with drugs that are able to target common pathogenic mechanisms are of great interest. One such strategy is the use of aspirin. The role of aspirin in HCC and CLD was addressed in two recent studies.